Sudden Hearing Loss vs. Gradual Hearing Loss: Causes and Treatment Options

Hearing loss can occur in different ways. Sometimes it develops gradually over time, and other times it comes on suddenly. Understanding the difference between sudden and gradual hearing loss is important—not only for recognizing symptoms but also for knowing when to seek medical help. In some cases, acting quickly can make all the difference.

What Is Sudden Hearing Loss?

Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) is an abrupt, often unexplained loss of hearing, usually in one ear. It may occur over a few hours or up to three days. Some people notice it right after waking up, or following a popping sensation or pressure in the ear.

Common signs of sudden hearing loss include:

• A sudden drop in hearing in one ear
• A feeling of fullness or blockage
• Ringing (tinnitus) or buzzing
• Dizziness or vertigo

Though it may seem like a minor issue or wax buildup, sudden hearing loss is a medical emergency. It’s crucial to get assessed by an ENT (Ear, Nose & Throat) doctor or hearing specialist right away.

Why Acting Fast Matters

Early treatment significantly improves the chance of recovering some or all hearing. Corticosteroids, which reduce inner ear inflammation, are the most common and effective treatment—especially when started within two weeks of symptom onset.

While 32% to 65% of people may improve without treatment, those who begin care early have better outcomes. The exact cause of SSNHL isn’t always clear, but possible triggers include viral infections, inner ear circulation issues, or autoimmune conditions. Tests like hearing evaluations and MRIs can help rule out more serious problems such as acoustic neuroma (a benign tumor) or even a mild stroke.

Gradual Hearing Loss: A Different Story

Gradual hearing loss usually develops over time and is more common as people age. Known medically as presbycusis, this type of hearing loss can also be caused by prolonged exposure to loud noise.

Common signs include:

• Frequently asking others to repeat themselves
• Trouble following conversations in noisy environments
• Difficulty hearing phone calls
• Turning up the TV or radio louder than usual

Although gradual hearing loss isn’t an emergency, it still deserves attention. Left untreated, it can negatively impact communication, relationships, and cognitive health.

When to Seek Help

If your hearing suddenly changes—especially in one ear—don’t wait. Contact an ENT or hearing clinic immediately. Even temporary symptoms can signal something serious.

For gradual hearing changes, book a hearing assessment. Early diagnosis allows you to explore solutions such as hearing aids or assistive devices that can improve your day-to-day life.

What to Expect at Your Appointment

If you’re being seen for sudden hearing loss, your provider will start with a thorough hearing test and check for any physical obstructions like earwax or fluid buildup. If needed, they may refer you to an ENT or emergency department for advanced imaging such as an MRI. Treatment, often involving oral or injected corticosteroids, may begin right away to improve your chances of recovery.

For gradual hearing loss, your visit will typically include a full hearing evaluation using specialized tests to determine the type and extent of the loss. Based on your results, your provider may recommend personalized options such as hearing aids or other hearing support tools. Many people are surprised by how much easier it becomes to communicate and engage once their hearing is properly supported.

Final Thoughts

Sudden hearing loss is a medical emergency that requires immediate action. The sooner you seek treatment, the better your chances of recovery. Don’t dismiss sudden symptoms as minor.

And if you’re noticing more gradual changes, don’t ignore those either. Taking charge of your hearing health can help you stay connected, confident, and safe.

Written by: Carolina Kasem, CDA